Question

Can you please explain "Paticcasamuppada"?

Answer

This is a Pali word and as much as I have read a lot of the scriptures, and I know a lot of Pali words, I am not an expert. So, I am guessing this is "Dependent Origination". Paticcasamuppada? I don't use that Pali word very much but I do know what "Dependent Origination" means.

The evening of the Buddha's enlightenment, for his final penetration--he did quite a few different things--but for his final penetration, he started to understand what is called "Dependent Origination", or in Pali: Paticcasamuppada. He started to understand how, basically, Dukkha was dependent on certain conditions. And he saw this in a framework of past life, present life, future life, and it is also interpreted that he saw this in the framework of past moment, this moment, future moment. So, it has two levels here. He penetrated this so thoroughly, that he understood it, as they say, forward, in its twelve particular parts, he understood it backwards, he understood it totally, thoroughly. And that is when he finally penetrated to full enlightenment, through the understanding of this "Dependent Origination."

In essence, to make it a little shorter--because it is quite detailed and can be very intellectual--because something is dependent on something else, a certain result always comes. You've got sense doors. Because of birth you have sense doors. You've got six sense doors, the blind person has five and so on, you've got six and because of these sense doors you have contact. Now, if you never had birth you would never have your sense doors. So, you have your sense doors, and because of sense doors you have contact. If you didn't have the sense doors you wouldn't have contact. Because of contact you have feeling; Vedana comes because of contact. If you didn't have contact you wouldn't have the feelings, so because of contact you have feeling. Because of feeling you have a condition of wanting, or craving. Because you crave things you start to become. You want food, then you go and get food. You make that craving become a reality, you become what you are wishing to become. And so, you have this cycle and it goes through, as I said, past life, this life, future life, and past moment, this moment, future moment.

Now as much as it is an intellectual thing, the commentaries point out that it is by understanding Dependent Origination that we can really see where we can stop the ignorance that creates our Dukkha. There are basically two places that we're going to work on. In this chain it actually starts with ignorance, and that's one place we're going to start to cut the chain and start to remove the deep level ignorance we've got in our mind. Reflection meditation is one of the key ways that you're cutting that chain, because you're changing your wrong view. The wrong view comes from ignorance, and when you change it, you're destroying the ignorance and you're bringing wisdom instead. That's one place of cutting this chain.

The second place is with the contact, vedana and craving. If you can be mindful of your contact, basic mindfulness, you note "hearing, hearing," you note "smelling, smelling," the vedana still may come as an automatic response, but the craving will not come. It's stopping the chain continuing on into the craving. If you can be mindful of the hearing contact, then you stop craving, you stop the chain. If you miss the contact, then if you can be mindful of vedana, you can still stop the reaction: wanting, dislike, all that craving. That's one area of cutting the chain of your Dukkha creation. The deeper area is your full ignorance level, cutting the chain of deep Dukkha creation. So, in that sense, as much as this can be a very theoretical teaching, it does point out quite dramatically the two main areas where we can do our practical work.

Our apologies if there are any errors in the above text. If anything seems to be wrong or confusing in any way, please feel free to contact the teachers for further clarification.