According to Theravadin Buddhism, yes, there is a difference. A Buddha is defined as a person who became enlightened by themselves without a teacher to show them the highest stages of the practice and when these higher teachings, the Dhamma, had disappeared from the world. They have also perfected the Ten Paramis.
As to other enlightened persons, usually it is described that there are four levels of enlightenment: a stream-enterer, once-returner, non-returner, and Arahant, a fully-enlightened person. These people have used the Buddha's teachings to enlighten themselves, so they use an existing teaching to be able to enlighten themselves, to let go of all greed, hatred and ignorance.
So there is a difference, the Ten Paramis are not totally perfected for those other than a Buddha to become enlightened, because they don't have to discover the truth on their own; they have a teaching to show them the way.